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Twist drill
-Twist drills are fluted drills made from a round bar of two material,by forging or milling rough fluted and then twited to a spiral shape .
-These are the most commonly use of. drills
- -Several types of twist drills are :-
- Jobber's drill
- Parallel shankdrill
- Taper shankdrill
- Stub drill
- Twist drill is the most widely used drilling tool.
- It is made from a round bar of tool material by forging or milling rough fluted and then twisting to a spiral shape.
- These drills are milled to the size, heat treated and the ground to exact size after twisting.
✓Twist drills have two cutting edge with the following advantages:-
- Two cutting edge are more efficient.
- Cutting forces are balanced.
- Cutting fluid is allowed to reach down the hole being machined due to flutes and flutes also help to dispose off the chips.
- Twist drill has three main parts.
- The point
- The body
- The shank.
- The drill is hold and rotated by its shank.
- The point consists of the cutting elements while the body guides the drill in operation.
- The body of the drill has two hellical grooves called "flutes " cut into its surface.
- The flutes from the cutting surface and also help in removing chips out of the drilled hole.
✓The description and nomenclature of a twist drill are as follows :-
- Axis
- Body
- Back taper
- Flutes
- Land
- Body clearance
- Margin
- Drill diameter
- Clearance diameter
- Web
- Point
- Lips or cutting edge
- Chisel edges
- Shank
- Tang
- Lip relief or clearance
- Face
- Fland
- Lip relief Angel
- Point angle
- Helix angle
- Chise edge angl
- Heel
- Web thickness
- Neck
https://photos.app.goo.gl/WKNsqy2S33pP1LJq7https://phtos.app.goo.gl/WKNsqy2S33pP1LJq7
Photo nomenclature of twist drill
- AXIS :-
- Axis is the longitudinal center line of the drill along which the whole body,neck and shank of the drill are concentric.
2. BODY :-
- The portion of the drill extending from the outer corner of the cutting lips upto the starting of neck or shank is called body of the drill.
- It carries flutes and is always relieved during operation.
(3) BACK TAPER:-
- Back taper is a slight decrease in the diameter of the drill from the front end to the back in the body of the drill.
(4) FLUTES:-
- Helical grooves cut or formed in the body of the drill to provide cutting edge, to allow chip removal and to allow cutting fluid to reach the cutting edge; The flatted eare called flutes.
- Drills may have two types of flutes; flutes that group from left to right and flutes that go up from right to left.
(5) LAND:-
- It is the peripheral portion of the drill body between adjacent flutes.
- The diameter of the drill is measured across its land.
(6) BODY CLEARANCE :-
. Body clearance is the space provided to eliminate or reduce the friction between the drill and the walls of the hole a and helps in cutting and increasing tool life as well.
(7) MARGIN :-
- The margin is glound to the diameter of the drill.
- The margin keep the drill aligned during the operation.
- Friction losses in drilling depends on the Margins.
(8) Drill diameter :-
- It is the diameter of the drill over the margin or land measured at the point.
(9) Clearance diameter :-
- The diameter over the cutaway portion of the drill lands.
(10) WEB :-
- The central portion of the drill body that connects the lands and separate the flutes from one another is called WEB.
(11) POINT:-
- The cutting end of a drill formed by the end of the lands and the web which contains dead centre,lips and flanks etc is called POINT.
(12) LIPS or CUTTING EDGE :-
There are so many lips in a drill as the number of flutes and faces.
- In two flutes drill there are two lips.
- For correct drilling both lips should be equal length and equally inclined with the axis of the drill.
(13) CHISEL EDGE :-
- It is the edge at the end of the web formed due to the intersection of flanks.
- It coincides with the axis of the drill.
- It length depends on the drill diameter.
(14) SHANK :-
- Shank is the part of the drill by which it is hold and rotated.
- It may be tappered or parallel.
(15) TANG :-
- The flatted end of rectangular cross-section of a taper shank which fits a driving slot in a socket in the holding devices is called TANG.
(16) LIP RELIEF or CLEARANCE :-
It is the axial relief on the drill point to provide relief near the cutting edge is called Lip Relief.
(17) FACE :-
The curved surface of the flute near the lip o which the cut chips imp
a slide upward is called FACE.
(18) FLAND :-
It is the surface on a drill point which extends behind the Lip to the following flute.
(19) LIP RELIEF ANGLE :-
It is the axial relief angle at the outer corner of the lip.
- It is formed by the flank and a plane normal to the Drill axis.
- Tha value varies from b
- Two cutting edge are more efficient.
- Cutting forces are balanced.
- Cutting fluid is allowed to reach down the hole being machined due to flutes and flutes also help to dispose off the chips.
- Twist drill has three main parts.
- The point
- The body
- The shank.
- The drill is hold and rotated by its shank.
- The point consists of the cutting elements while the body guides the drill in operation.
- The body of the drill has two hellical grooves called "flutes " cut into its surface.
- The flutes from the cutting surface and also help in removing chips out of the drilled hole.
✓The description and nomenclature of a twist drill are as follows :-
- Axis
- Body
- Back taper
- Flutes
- Land
- Body clearance
- Margin
- Drill diameter
- Clearance diameter
- Web
- Point
- Lips or cutting edge
- Chisel edges
- Shank
- Tang
- Lip relief or clearance
- Face
- Fland
- Lip relief Angel
- Point angle
- Helix angle
- Chise edge angl
- Heel
- Web thickness
- Neck
https://photos.app.goo.gl/WKNsqy2S33pP1LJq7https://phtos.app.goo.gl/WKNsqy2S33pP1LJq7
Photo nomenclature of twist drill
Photo nomenclature of twist drill
- AXIS :-
- Axis is the longitudinal center line of the drill along which the whole body,neck and shank of the drill are concentric.
2. BODY :-
- The portion of the drill extending from the outer corner of the cutting lips upto the starting of neck or shank is called body of the drill.
- It carries flutes and is always relieved during operation.
(3) BACK TAPER:-
- Back taper is a slight decrease in the diameter of the drill from the front end to the back in the body of the drill.
(4) FLUTES:-
- Helical grooves cut or formed in the body of the drill to provide cutting edge, to allow chip removal and to allow cutting fluid to reach the cutting edge; The flatted eare called flutes.
- Drills may have two types of flutes; flutes that group from left to right and flutes that go up from right to left.
(5) LAND:-
- It is the peripheral portion of the drill body between adjacent flutes.
- The diameter of the drill is measured across its land.
(6) BODY CLEARANCE :-
. Body clearance is the space provided to eliminate or reduce the friction between the drill and the walls of the hole a and helps in cutting and increasing tool life as well.
(7) MARGIN :-
- The margin is glound to the diameter of the drill.
- The margin keep the drill aligned during the operation.
- Friction losses in drilling depends on the Margins.
(8) Drill diameter :-
- It is the diameter of the drill over the margin or land measured at the point.
(9) Clearance diameter :-
- The diameter over the cutaway portion of the drill lands.
(10) WEB :-
- The central portion of the drill body that connects the lands and separate the flutes from one another is called WEB.
(11) POINT:-
- The cutting end of a drill formed by the end of the lands and the web which contains dead centre,lips and flanks etc is called POINT.
(12) LIPS or CUTTING EDGE :-
There are so many lips in a drill as the number of flutes and faces.
- In two flutes drill there are two lips.
- For correct drilling both lips should be equal length and equally inclined with the axis of the drill.
(13) CHISEL EDGE :-
- It is the edge at the end of the web formed due to the intersection of flanks.
- It coincides with the axis of the drill.
- It length depends on the drill diameter.
(14) SHANK :-
- Shank is the part of the drill by which it is hold and rotated.
- It may be tappered or parallel.
(15) TANG :-
- The flatted end of rectangular cross-section of a taper shank which fits a driving slot in a socket in the holding devices is called TANG.
(16) LIP RELIEF or CLEARANCE :-
It is the axial relief on the drill point to provide relief near the cutting edge is called Lip Relief.
(17) FACE :-
The curved surface of the flute near the lip o which the cut chips imp
a slide upward is called FACE.
(18) FLAND :-
It is the surface on a drill point which extends behind the Lip to the following flute.
(19) LIP RELIEF ANGLE :-
It is the axial relief angle at the outer corner of the lip.
- It is formed by the flank and a plane normal to the Drill axis.
- Tha value varies from b
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